nkhani

1. Makina opukutira a dc

Mu ma motors opukutidwa izi zimachitika ndi chosinthira chozungulira pa shaft ya injini yotchedwa commutator.Amakhala ndi silinda yozungulira kapena chimbale chogawidwa m'magawo angapo olumikizana ndi zitsulo pa rotor.Magawowa amalumikizidwa ndi ma conductor windings pa rotor.Zolumikizana ziwiri kapena zingapo zoyima zomwe zimatchedwa maburashi, opangidwa ndi kondakitala wofewa monga graphite, kanikizani pa commutator, kupangitsa kuti magetsi azilumikizana ndi magawo otsatizana pamene rota imatembenuka.Maburashi amasankha kupereka magetsi ku ma windings.Pamene rotor ikuzungulira, woyendetsa amasankha ma windings osiyanasiyana ndipo njira yolowera ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo ozungulira kotero kuti mphamvu ya maginito ya rotor imakhalabe yolakwika ndi stator ndikupanga torque kumbali imodzi.

2. Brushless dc mota

Mu ma brushless DC motors, makina amagetsi a servo amalowa m'malo mwa makina oyendetsa makina.Sensa yamagetsi imayang'ana mbali ya rotor ndikuwongolera masiwichi a semiconductor monga ma transistors omwe amasintha matembenuzidwe apano kupyola ma windings, mwina kubweza komwe akulowera kapena, m'ma motors ena kuyimitsa, pa ngodya yoyenera kuti ma electromagnets apange torque imodzi. malangizo.Kuchotsa kukhudzana kotsetsereka kumapangitsa kuti ma motors opanda brushless azikhala ndi mikangano yochepa komanso moyo wautali;moyo wawo wantchito umangochepa ndi nthawi ya moyo wa mayendedwe awo.

Ma motors opukutidwa a DC amapanga torque yayikulu kwambiri ikayima, kutsika pang'onopang'ono pamene liwiro likuwonjezeka.Zolepheretsa zina zamakina opukutidwa zimatha kugonjetsedwa ndi ma motors opanda brush;amaphatikizapo kuchita bwino kwambiri komanso kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kuvala kwamakina.Zopindulitsa izi zimabwera pamtengo wamagetsi osalimba, ovuta, komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri.

Galimoto yopanda maburashi imakhala ndi maginito okhazikika omwe amazungulira mozungulira zida zokhazikika, ndikuchotsa zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kulumikiza kwapano ndi zida zosuntha.Woyang'anira zamagetsi amalowa m'malo mwa makina oyendetsa galimoto ya DC motor brushed, yomwe nthawi zonse imasintha gawolo kupita ku ma windings kuti injiniyo ikhale yozungulira.Wowongolera amachitanso kugawa mphamvu kwanthawi yofananira pogwiritsa ntchito dera lokhazikika m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito makina oyendera.

Ma motors opanda maburashi amapereka maubwino angapo kuposa ma motors a DC opukutidwa, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa torque mpaka kulemera kwake, kuchulukirachulukira kopangira torque yochulukirapo pa watt, kudalirika kowonjezereka, phokoso lochepa, nthawi yayitali ya moyo pochotsa kukokoloka kwa maburashi ndi ma commutator, kuchotsera zipsera za ionizing
commutator, ndi kuchepetsa kwathunthu kwa electromagnetic interference (EMI).Popanda ma windings pa rotor, sagonjetsedwa ndi mphamvu za centrifugal, ndipo chifukwa ma windings amathandizidwa ndi nyumbayo, amatha kuziziritsidwa ndi conduction, osafuna kuti mpweya uziyenda mkati mwa galimoto kuti uzizizira.Izi zikutanthauza kuti amkati agalimoto amatha kutsekedwa kwathunthu ndikutetezedwa ku dothi kapena zinthu zina zakunja.

Kusintha kwa ma mota opanda phokoso kumatha kukhazikitsidwa mu pulogalamu pogwiritsa ntchito microcontroller, kapena kutha kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma analogi kapena ma digito.Kusinthana ndi zamagetsi m'malo mwa maburashi kumapangitsa kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kuthekera kosapezeka ndi ma motors a brushed DC, kuphatikiza kuchepetsa liwiro, ntchito ya microstepping yowongolera pang'onopang'ono komanso bwino, komanso torque yogwirizira ikayima.Mapulogalamu owongolera amatha kusinthidwa kukhala injini yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu.

Mphamvu yochuluka yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamoto wopanda brush imakhala yochepa chifukwa cha kutentha;[kutchulidwa kofunikira] kutentha kwakukulu kumafooketsa maginito ndipo kumawononga kutsekemera kwa ma windings.

Mukatembenuza magetsi kukhala mphamvu yamakina, ma motors opanda maburashi amakhala opambana kuposa ma motors opukutidwa makamaka chifukwa chosowa maburashi, omwe amachepetsa kutayika kwamagetsi chifukwa cha mikangano.Kuchita bwino kwambiri kumakhala kokulirapo m'magawo opanda katundu komanso otsika pang'onopang'ono pamayendedwe agalimoto.

Malo ndi zofunikira zomwe opanga amagwiritsa ntchito ma motors amtundu wa DC wa brushless amaphatikizapo kugwira ntchito mopanda kukonza, kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso kugwira ntchito komwe kuli koopsa (mwachitsanzo, malo ophulika) kapena kungakhudze zida zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi magetsi.

Kumanga kwa motor brushless kumafanana ndi stepper motor, koma ma motors ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kukhazikitsa ndi kugwira ntchito.Ngakhale ma stepper motors amaimitsidwa nthawi zambiri ndi rotor pamalo okhazikika, mota yopanda burashi nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kuti ipangitse kuzungulira kosalekeza.Mitundu yonse iwiri yamagalimoto imatha kukhala ndi sensa ya rotor poyankha mkati.Ma motor stepper komanso mota yopangidwa bwino yopanda maburashi imatha kugwira torque yocheperapo pa zero RPM.