nkhani

1. Mota ya DC yopukutidwa

Mu ma mota opukutidwa ndi burashi, izi zimachitika ndi switch yozungulira pa shaft ya mota yotchedwa commutator. Imapangidwa ndi silinda yozungulira kapena disc yogawidwa m'magawo angapo olumikizana ndi zitsulo pa rotor. Magawowa amalumikizidwa ku ma conductor windings pa rotor. Ma contact awiri kapena angapo osasinthika otchedwa maburashi, opangidwa ndi conductor yofewa monga graphite, amakanikiza motsutsana ndi commutator, ndikupanga kukhudzana kwamagetsi kotsatizana ndi magawo otsatizana pamene rotor ikuzungulira. Maburashiwa amapereka mphamvu yamagetsi ku ma windings mosankha. Pamene rotor ikuzungulira, commutator imasankha ma windings osiyanasiyana ndipo mphamvu yolunjika imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku winding yomwe yapatsidwa kotero kuti mphamvu ya maginito ya rotor imakhalabe yosagwirizana ndi stator ndikupanga torque mbali imodzi.

2. Mota yopanda burashi ya dc

Mu ma mota a DC opanda brushless, makina amagetsi a servo amalowa m'malo mwa makina olumikizirana ndi ma commutator. Sensa yamagetsi imazindikira ngodya ya rotor ndikuwongolera ma switch a semiconductor monga ma transistors omwe amasinthasintha mphamvu kudzera m'ma windings, mwina kubweza njira ya mphamvu kapena, m'ma mota ena kuizimitsa, pa ngodya yoyenera kotero ma electromagnet amapanga torque mbali imodzi. Kuchotsa kulumikizana kotsetsereka kumalola ma mota opanda brush kukhala ndi kukangana kochepa komanso moyo wautali; moyo wawo wogwirira ntchito umachepetsedwa ndi moyo wa ma bearing awo.

Ma mota a DC opangidwa ndi burashi amakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri akakhazikika, zomwe zimachepa pang'onopang'ono pamene liwiro likukwera. Zofooka zina za ma mota opangidwa ndi burashi zimatha kuthetsedwa ndi ma mota opanda burashi; zimaphatikizapo kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso kufooka kochepa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa makina. Ubwino uwu umabwera chifukwa cha mtengo wa zida zamagetsi zowongolera zomwe sizingakhale zolimba kwambiri, zovuta kwambiri, komanso zokwera mtengo kwambiri.

Mota yamagetsi yopanda burashi imakhala ndi maginito okhazikika omwe amazungulira mozungulira armature yokhazikika, zomwe zimachotsa mavuto okhudzana ndi kulumikiza magetsi ku armature yoyenda. Chowongolera zamagetsi chimalowa m'malo mwa commutator assembly ya mota ya DC yolumikizidwa, yomwe nthawi zonse imasinthira gawolo ku ma windings kuti mota ipitirize kutembenuka. Chowongolera chimagwira ntchito yogawa mphamvu yofanana ndi nthawi pogwiritsa ntchito solid-state circuit m'malo mwa commutator system.

Ma mota opanda maburashi amapereka zabwino zingapo kuposa ma mota a DC opangidwa ndi maburashi, kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi poyerekeza ndi kulemera, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapanga mphamvu yamagetsi yochulukirapo pa watt iliyonse, kudalirika kowonjezereka, kuchepa kwa phokoso, nthawi yayitali yogwiritsira ntchito pochotsa kukokoloka kwa burashi ndi commutator, komanso kuchotsa ma ayoni otulutsa mphamvu kuchokera ku ma mota.
commutator, ndi kuchepetsa konsekonse kwa kusokoneza kwa ma electromagnetic (EMI). Popanda ma windings pa rotor, sakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu za centrifugal, ndipo chifukwa ma windings amathandizidwa ndi holo, amatha kuziziritsidwa ndi conduction, osafuna mpweya mkati mwa mota kuti uzizire. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mkati mwa mota mutha kutsekedwa kwathunthu ndikutetezedwa ku dothi kapena zinthu zina zakunja.

Kusintha kwa injini yopanda burashi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito mu mapulogalamu pogwiritsa ntchito microcontroller, kapena kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ma analog kapena ma digital circuits. Kusintha kwa injini pogwiritsa ntchito zamagetsi m'malo mwa maburashi kumalola kusinthasintha kwakukulu ndi kuthekera komwe sikupezeka ndi ma DC motors opangidwa ndi burashi, kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa liwiro, microstepping operation kuti muyende pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'ono, komanso torque yogwira ikayima. Mapulogalamu owongolera amatha kusinthidwa malinga ndi injini yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusintha kwa injini kukhale kogwira mtima kwambiri.

Mphamvu yayikulu yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mota yopanda burashi imachepetsedwa ndi kutentha kokha; [kutanthauza kuti kutentha kwambiri kumafooketsa maginito ndipo kumawononga kutchinjiriza kwa ma windings.

Posintha magetsi kukhala mphamvu ya makina, ma mota opanda burashi amagwira ntchito bwino kuposa ma mota opangidwa ndi burashi makamaka chifukwa chosakhala ndi maburashi, zomwe zimachepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu ya makina chifukwa cha kukangana. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kumakhala kwakukulu m'madera opanda katundu komanso otsika a injini.

Malo ndi zofunikira zomwe opanga amagwiritsa ntchito ma mota a DC opanda brushless zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito popanda kukonza, kuthamanga kwambiri, ndi ntchito komwe kuphulika kwa moto kumakhala koopsa (monga malo ophulika) kapena kungakhudze zida zamagetsi.

Kapangidwe ka mota yopanda burashi kamafanana ndi mota yoyendera, koma motazo zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Ngakhale kuti mota zoyendera nthawi zambiri zimayimitsidwa ndi rotor pamalo okhazikika, mota yopanda burashi nthawi zambiri imapangidwira kuti ipange kuzungulira kosalekeza. Mitundu yonse ya mota imatha kukhala ndi sensa ya malo oyendera kuti ipereke mayankho amkati. Mota yoyendera ndi mota yopanda burashi yopangidwa bwino imatha kusunga mphamvu yocheperako pa zero RPM.